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The Puyallup, Spuyaləpabš or S’Puyalupubsh (pronounced: Spoy-all-up-obsh) (“generous and welcoming behavior to all people (friends and strangers) who enter our lands.”) are a federally recognized Coast SalishNative Americantribe from western Washington state, United States. They were forcibly relocated onto reservation lands in what is today Tacoma, Washington, in late 1854, after signing the Treaty of Medicine Creek with the United States. Today^[when?] they have an enrolled population of 4,000, of whom 2,500 live on the reservation.^{[citation needed]}

The Puyallup Indian Reservation is one of the most urban Indian reservations in the United States. It is located primarily in northern Pierce County, with a very small part extending north into the city of Federal Way, in King County. Parts of seven communities in the Tacoma metropolitan area extend onto reservation land; in addition the tribe controls off-reservation trust land.

In decreasing order of included population, the communities are Tacoma, Waller, Fife, Milton, Edgewood, Puyallup, and Federal Way. The reservation has a land area of 73.935 km² (28.547 sq mi), and a 2000 census resident population of 41,341 persons. These are predominantly non-Native Americans. The tribe has 4,000 enrolled members, of whom 2,500 live on the reservation.^{[citation needed]}

According to the census, more than 72 percent of the residents within the reservation boundaries identified as only Caucasian (European-American), and 3.2 percent identify as solely of Native American ancestry. The Puyallup, as with other Native American tribes, have long assimilated other ethnicities through intermarriage and adoption. They have brought up ethnically mixed children to identify with the tribe, both culturally and ethnically.

• 3Government
• 4Economic development

History[edit]

The Puyallup tribe originally spoke the Txʷǝlšucid or Twulshootseed local dialect of the Southern Lushootseed language of the Salishan family of languages, predominant among Northwest Coast indigenous peoples. They share a culture similar to that of other Northwest tribes, with a diet that depended on fishing salmon and other regional fish.

Reservation[edit]

With a land area of 73.935 km² (28.547 sq mi), the reservation (47°14′38″N122°22′15″W / 47.24389°N 122.37083°W) is one of the largest in the Northwest. Its size notwithstanding, it is often not shown on Washington maps because it has been so thoroughly sold off to non-Natives.^[1]

Due to land sales at a time when land was distributed to householders and other developments, neighboring jurisdictions have territory within the reservation. The city of Fife, Washington and the unincorporated community of Fife Heights, Washington lies entirely within the reservation as does much of the Port of Tacoma. The total population within the reservation is predominantly non-Native and not tribal members, according to the 2000 census.

From the mid-nineteenth century, European Americans began to enter the area in greater numbers. The United States wanted to enable development of lands and settlement by these people. They arranged with the Puyallup and several other tribes, under the Treaty of Medicine Creek (1854), for the tribes to cede land to the US and go to the more restricted area of a reservation. This was initially designated for residence only by tribal members. The Puyallup and United States representatives had such different conceptions of property that they did not fully understand each other's position. While the tribe lost most of its historic territory, it retained rights for fishing, hunting and gathering on that land.

The Port of Tacoma and the Puyallup Tribe reached a $163 million settlement in 1989–1990, enabled by the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Settlement Act of 1989. It became one of the largest 20th century Indian land claims settlements.^[2][3][4]

Government[edit]

In 1936 the Tribal Government was formed under the Wheeler Howard Act (also known as the Indian Reorganization Act), authorizing Native American tribes to re-establish their governments. The tribe wrote a constitution creating an elected government of representation at the Tribal Council, supported by a Tribal Court for certain level of issues among its tribal members.

Tribal Council[edit]

The tribal council is an elected body of seven people who oversee the operation of all the tribal programs. The Tribal Council is vested with power to govern by the Constitution. The Council acts as both the legislative and administrative bodies of the government. Members are elected by the general membership for three-year terms. Council members select a chair and vice chair. On June 7, 2019, the Puyallup Tribal Council chose David Z. Bean as chairman and Bill Sterud as vice chairman.

The tribe operates numerous programs that are open to the public beyond enrolled members. Among its programs, the tribe operates the Chief Leschi School for tribal children.

Tribal Court[edit]

The Tribal Court and Children's Court (hereinafter “Court”) were established by the Puyallup Tribe's Constitution. The court's mission is to apply the written laws of its legislature, while recognizing the inherent customs and traditions of its people. The Court is devoted to protecting people's due process rights. The tribe explicitly works to protect children and elders, “who are considered sacred”. The Court's Chief Justice is Darwin Long Fox.

Economic development[edit]

Initially the federal government wanted Native Americans to develop the family farms then typical of European Americans. This was not a concept that the Puyallup were comfortable adopting. They remained deeply involved in fishing, which constituted such an important part of their culture that it is surrounded by ritual and spirituality.

With economic and social changes in the 20th and 21st centuries, the tribe needed to develop other sources of employment and income than farming for its people. In the 20th century, the tribe generated income through cigarette sales. They could sell them at a lower price and tax-free to non-Natives, as their reservation is sovereign territory and they need not pay state taxes from their businesses. In recent years,^[when?] the tribe signed an agreement with the State of Washington to sell cigarettes with taxes paid. The tribe and the state have a sharing of tax revenue collected from sales of cigarettes.

Casino history[edit]

Since the late 20th century, numerous states have used gambling, based on lotteries and other methods, as a source of revenue to support programs wanted by taxpayers. Changes in federal law and negotiations with such states have enabled federally recognized tribes on many reservations to establish bingo and other gambling facilities to generate revenue.

Searching for new revenues and employment for its people, the Puyallup opened the Emerald Queen Casino in 1996 on a paddlewheelriverboat, the Emerald Queen, which it berthed in the Port of Tacoma. In 2004, as part of an agreement with the Port to accommodate further commercial development of the waterway, the tribe closed the operation on the boat and its shore-side property. The Emerald Queen riverboat is still located at the site, but is closed indefinitely.

The tribe has developed related gaming and entertainment facilities in two other locations, keeping the name Emerald Queen Casino for its overall operation. In the 21st century, a majority of the tribe's income is generated from the gambling casinos and related restaurant, retail and hotel facilities.

In total area, the casino is one of the largest^{[clarification needed]} in Washington state. It has locations in both Tacoma and Fife. The Tacoma location, also known as the Interstate 5 (I-5) location, includes the casino, a restaurant and buffet, a nightclub, and an entertainment venue hosting singers and comedians. The entertainment venue, in collaboration with Brian Halquist Productions, Inc., is host to the Battle at the Boat boxing series, which is the longest-running casino boxing series in the Pacific Northwest. ^[5]A majority of the casino is located in a large tent structure. Originally intended as a temporary facility, the tent has continued to be used pending other development. The permanent structure of the casino is located in the old Puyallup Bingo Hall. The I-5 location opened originally in 2001, and the tent addition was opened in 2004.

The Fife location includes a casino and a 140-room hotel. The tribe adapted a Best Western hotel for these purposes after purchasing the building in 2004. After renovation, the casino was opened in early 2005. The tribe undertook a major expansion in summer 2007, building two parking garages, a pool, a spa, new administrative towers, a ballroom, and a larger gaming area. The casino's restaurant, formerly named the Pacific Rim, was moved to the south tower and renamed the Tatoosh Grill. What is now the Pacific Rim Buffet is located on the ground floor of the tower.

A major, $370 million expansion of the I-5 facility is scheduled to be completed in December 2019.^[6]

Other ventures[edit]

The Puyallup Tribe has used its economic development branch, Marine View Ventures, to expand into operating several gas stations on the reservation. In the early 21st century, it was using gambling revenues to invest in a partnership for a large container facility at the Port of Tacoma. When completed, it will be the largest such facility in the Northwest and will connect the tribe to the shipping trade.^[7]

The Puyallup Tribe has also invested in the state's legal cannabis market. The tribe's first recreational cannabis store, Commencement Bay Cannabis, is located in Fife, adjacent to the casino itself.

References[edit]

1. ^Dan McShane (February 14, 2016), 'Puyallup Reservation Map', Reading the Washington Landscape (blog)
2. ^Rosier, Paul C. (2003), Native American Issues, Contemporary American ethnic issues, Greenwood, p. 67, ISBN9780313320026
3. ^Timothy Egan (August 29, 1988), 'Indian tribe agrees to drop claim to Tacoma land for $162 million', The New York Times
4. ^David Wilma (October 21, 2006), Puyallup Tribe of Indians accepts a $162 million settlement for lost land on March 25, 1990, HistoryLink
5. ^http://nwfightscene.com/BATB110.htm
6. ^Sailor, Craig (July 24, 2018). 'Puyallup Tribe's new mega casino will be Vegas on I-5 when it opens in 2019'. The News Tribune. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
7. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2014-09-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

• Puyallup Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Washington United States Census Bureau
• Communities on the Puyallup Reservation, United States Census Bureau

External links[edit]

• Puyallup Tribe of Indians, official website
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 'Puyallup Indians' . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

INDIAN CASINOS IN WASHINGTON STATE

All Washington casinos are affiliated with Indian Tribes and all have compacts with the state allowing them to offer live table games, as well as electronic ‘scratch’ ticket games which use a finite number of tickets with a predetermined number of winners and losers.

These video gaming machines have a maximum bet of $20. The Tribes are not required to release information on their slot machine percentage paybacks. However, according to the terms of the compact between the Tribes and the state, the minimum prize payout for electronic ‘scratch’ ticket games is 75%.

If you are looking for casinos in Vancouver, Washington you are out of luck. However, ilani Casino Resort in Ridgefield is just 20 miles away.

Unlike the casinos in Washington state, in many states the slot machine payback statistics for that particular state’s casinos are released as a matter of public record. Just click here to see a list of slot machine payback statistics for all U.S. casinos.

Most Washington casinos are open on a 24-hour basis. The hours of operation are noted in each casino’s listing for those not open 24 hours.

All Indian casinos in Washington offer blackjack, craps, roulette, slots, video poker and pull tabs. Optional games offered include: baccarat, mini-baccarat, poker, pai gow poker, Caribbean stud poker, three-card poker, ultimate Texas hold em, four card poker, Spanish 21, big 6 wheel, keno, Off-Track Betting and bingo.

The minimum gambling age is 21 at most casinos (at some it’s 18) and 18 for bingo or pari-mutuel betting. Look in the “Special Features” listing for each casino to see which allow gambling at 18 years of age.

If you are looking for casinos in Washington state with hotels you are in luck because a majority of the casinos in the state have hotels.

Although most of the casinos in Washington have toll-free numbers be aware that some of these numbers will only work for calls made within Washington.

For more information on visiting Washington casinos, call the state's tourism department at (800) 544-1800 or go to: www.experiencewa.com

CARD ROOM CASINOS IN WASHINGTON

Card rooms have been legal in Washington since 1974. Initially limited to just five tables per location, the law was changed in 1996 to allow up to 15 tables. One year later, a provision was added to allow house-banked games. Permissible games include: blackjack, Caribbean stud poker, pai gow poker, let it ride, casino war and numerous other card games. Baccarat, craps, roulette and keno are not allowed.

The maximum bet at each card room is dependent on certain licensing requirements and is capped at either $25 or $100. Additionally, the rooms can be open no more than 20 hours per day. These card rooms are now commonly called “mini-casinos.” The minimum gambling age in a card room is 18.

Each city and county has the option to ban the card rooms so they are not found in every major city (Seattle has none). Due to space limitations we don’t list all of the Washington card rooms in this book.

For a list of card rooms, we suggest that you contact the Washington State Gambling Commission at (360) 486-3581, or visit their website at: www.wsgc.wa.gov

Be sure to check back often so you can stay up to date on what is the new casino in Washington state.

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